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DIRECTIONS AND GUIDELINES 1.     Begin the summary with a sentence that identifies the author, title of the article, and the topic of the article. 2.     Next, explain the author’s position/opinion regarding the issue.    3.     Summarize all of the important main ideas, statistics, and details from the essay in your own words.   In summarizing, start at the beginning of the article and organize your summary according to how the paragraphs are organized in the article.   4.     The summary is objective—an accurate summary of the article.  Do not include any of your own thoughts or opinions.   5.     Include attributive tags throughout the summary to indicate you are presenting the ideas of someone else. Attributive Tags:  signal phrases that (1) indicate to the readers the ideas are not your own  and (2) introduce and transition into quotes.  Example: Etzioni begins the essay by explaining his opposition to teens working for fast food chains.  He asserts these jobs_______________________ Useful verbs for attributive tags:  Acknowledges    proposes Argues                  points out Asserts                 reports Believes               reveals Claims                  says Confirms              speculates Comments           states Declares               suggests Explains                thinks Maintains             writes   Notes      6.     You must include two quotes from the article.   HOW TO QUOTE FROM A SOURCE:   When a writer uses the exact wording from a source, the line or lines become a quote or quotes in the paper.   You must use quotation marks. You must also include an attributive tag.  Finally, you must also include a parenthetical citation.   For MLA documentation, a parenthetical citation indicates the author and the specific page number

where the reader may find the information.   If you use the author’s name in the sentence, include the page number in parentheses.  With quotes, you should include the author’s name in the sentence.   Read pages 549–551 to learn more about quoting.   Example: Etzioni maintains teens who work at fast food chains do not benefit educationally.    He says, “ Closer examination, however, finds the McDonald’s kind of job highly uneducational in several ways” ( 209).  Sample Quote **With an electronic version of the source–as we are using this semester–include the paragraph number  instead of the page number in the citation.  Example: Etzioni maintains teens who work at fast food chains do not benefit educationally.  He says, “Closer examination, however, finds the McDonald’s kind of job highly uneducational in several ways” ( par. 6).   HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF HOW YOU MAY BEGIN YOUR SUMMARY:       In the article, “Working at McDonald’s” sociologist Amitai Etzioni provides arguments to support his belief teens should be discouraged from working for fast-food chains.  Etzioni begins the essay by explaining his opposition to teens working for fast food chains.  He asserts these jobs do not provide useful life and career skills, may interfere with academic progress, and undercut monetary values.  In his first argument, Etzioni maintains teens who work at fast food chains do not benefit educationally in terms of  developing critical thinking skills or in learning marketable work skills.  He says, ” Closer examination, however, finds the McDonald’s kind of job highly uneducational in several ways” ( par. 6).   Next, Etzioni maintains………….
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