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Please answer the following as related to the “Is Ethics Based on Virtue?” video.  1.  Until recent decades, modern ethics was dominated by two approaches that focus on action. Utilitarians ask, “How can we act to produce the best possible results?” Followers of the ideas of Immanuel Kant (or Kantians, an ethics known as “deontology”) ask, “How can we act to give full respect to others?” But both of these approaches seem to leave something out. What about the ______________________ who takes action? What about your values and ______________________? Aren’t these relevant to ethics?2. The movement that centers ethics on character rather than actions has come to be known as  ______________________.3. At the core of Ancient Greek ethics was the quest for eudaimonia which is often translated as “happiness.” I prefer the term “human flourishing” which reminds us that we’re talking about a complex form of human activity which has a number of different parts that are not reducible to the others and that doesn’t just consist in a feeling of satisfaction. So it means a total form of activity – that is in that sense a complete life for a human being. The Greek word arête may be translated either as virtue or  ______________________. They [the Greeks] did not distinguish between morality and other aspects of personal life: they thought much more in terms of what made for a worthwhile life for the individual in which these various aspects are pulled together.4. Often in Ancient philosophy virtues are compared to skills. In the words of Aristotle, “As is the case with any skill, we acquire virtue by first doing virtuous acts. We acquire a skill by ______________________ the activities involved in the skill.” 5.Any definition of virtue implies a standard for how people ought to be. For Plato and Aristotle,            ______________________ ought to guide emotion and appeti

tive. Each of the basic parts of human nature has its own special virtue….All of these virtues come into being  so to speak “at the sametime” or under the same condition, and that is where justice is attained, where there is a ______________________  of the soul.                                                                                                           6.   As a guideline for living in accord with reason, Aristotle recommends seeking the mean or “middle course” between extremes….”Virtue [therefore] must aim at the mean, for human virtue deems with our feelings and actions and we can go to excess or fall short, or, we can hit the mean.” We tend to think of  values as toggle-switches: there is right/wrong, on/off, good/its opposite. For Aristotle is finding the ______________________ between two opposites. To seek the mean might seem a simple guideline, but it requires balancing many factors.7. Kantian and Utilitarian theories tend to isolate moral decisions in the present moment and to separate them from personal histories. This is a “snapshot” picture of morality and does not emphasize the long-term nature of some of our most basic ethical choices. A lot of discipline and sustained effort that goes into success and a lot of good character really involves the long haul – involves being willing to ______________________ yourself to projects and stay with them for a considerable period of time. A lot of morality involves a long haul also – being there for people who are relevant to needyou not just today or tomorrow but over a long period of ______________________.8.  One very important thing that we should learn is that there is no incompatibility between virtue ethics and an emphasis on a universal account thatalso has a large room for ______________________.