Definition/Comparison Questions: Instructions: In your own words, define the pairs of terms given below. Write in complete sentences, stating the differences and relationships between the two terms, and give specific examples where appropriate. A complete answer usually requires four to eight sentences. 1. centriole / kinetochor 2. cleavage furrow / cell plate 3. allele / locus 4. RNA primer / DNA polymerase 5. guanine / cytosine 6. translation / anticodon 7. operator / promoter 8. conjugation / transformation 9. RFLPs / Southern blot analysis 10. pleiotropy / polygenic inheritance Short Answer/Short Essay Questions: Answer each of the questions given below in your own words. Write in complete sentences where appropriate. A complete answer usually requires one to two sentences per mark, so a three-mark question would be answered in three to six sentences. (4 marks) 1. Explain how CDKs regulate cell division. (4 marks) 2. Explain the role of transposable elements in eukaryotes. (8 marks) 3. Using the following DNA template strand sequence, answer the questions that follow: 3TGCAGGAAGCTACATTAG
5 a. What is the mRNA sequence? b. What is the final sequence of amino acids in the peptide produced? c. If the sequence is mutated so that adenine at position 11 is replaced with not uracil), how will the peptide be affected? What kind of a mutation is this? (5 marks) 4. a. What is an operon? b. How do inducible operons (e.g., the lactose operon) and repressible operons (e.g., the tryptophan operon) benefit a bacterial cell? (5 marks) 5. Explain the possible role of telomerase in cellular aging and in cancer formation. (6 marks) 6. a. Draw a diagram to show what could happen during meiosis that would result in an egg with two X chromosomes. b. If this egg is fertilized and develops, what are the possible karyotypes of the offspring? (6 marks) 7. A female yellow Labrador retriever homozygous for coat colour (bbee) is mated with a male black lab. They have two chocolate puppies, three black puppies and one yellow puppy. What is the genotype of the father? Use Punnett squares to show your reasoning. (2 marks) 8. What is a proteome, and why is it studied in addition to (or instead of) the genome?