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A 32-year-old African American mother of three toddlers who is 28 weeks pregnant is admitted to the high-risk pregnancy unit with regular contractions. She is concerned because the plans for her family are not finalized. She has many comfort needs, diagrammed in . When nurses assess for comfort needs in patients, they use the taxonomic structure, or comfort grid, to identify and organize all known needs. Using the comfort grid (see ) as a mental guide, nurses design interrelated comforting interventions that can be implemented in one or two nurse–patient–family interactions. For this case, some suggestions to individualize the types of comfort interventions that might be considered are presented in . Physical Aching back Early strong contractions Restlessness and anxiety Patient thinking, “What will happen to my family and to my   babies?” Psychospiritual Anxiety and tension Uncertainty about prognosis Need for emotional and spiritual support Environmental Roommate is a primigravida Room is small, clean, and pleasant Lack of privacy Telephone in room Feeling of confinement with bed   rest Need for calm, familiar environmental elements and   accessibility of distraction Sociocultural Absence of family and culturally sensitive care Family not present Language barriers Need for su

pport from family or significant other Need for information and   consultation Standard comfort interventions Vital signs Laboratory test results Patient assessment Medications and treatments Social worker Coaching Emotional support Reassurance Education Listening Clergy Comfort food for the soul Energy therapy such as healing touch if it is culturally acceptable Music therapy or guided imagery   (patient’s choice of music) Spending time Personal connections Reduction of environmental stimuli For clinical use, the nurse might ask the patient to rate her comfort before and after receiving the interventions on a scale from 0 to 10, with 10 being the highest level. To determine whether a specific comforting intervention enhanced the comfort of the patient, a comfort questionnaire is administered, assessing each cell in the comfort grid (see ). A Likert-type scale with responses ranging from 1 to 6 facilitate a total comfort score. A questionnaire, given to the patient before and after the intervention, demonstrates the level of effectiveness of intervention. Compare the suggestions for the comfort of this mother of three presented in with comfort measures you considered as you read the case study of this woman. Are there nursing comfort measures you might add? Explain your addition using