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Question 1 Data alteration and denial directly targets the computer by attacking the useful information stored or processed by the computer. • Question 2 Child pornography is an example of which type of computer crime? • Question 3 Agnew argues that crime is due to a lack of attachment to parents. • Question 4 _____________ is designed to impose a sanction on convicted offenders in order to prevent them from continuing to commit criminal acts in the future • Question 5 Which of the following forms of technology expanded the scope of hacker activities? • Question 6 The primary avenue of redress for corporations seeking to litigate charges of corporate espionage is the criminal courts. • Question 7 What major category of information warfare/cyber-terror does “cryptography” fall into? • Question 8 Which technique of neutralization occurs when an individual believes that the victim “had it coming”? • Question 9 Computer crime is not an international problem. • Question 10 An unauthorized program typically contained within a legitimate program is known as a: • Question 11 During what decade did electronic funds transfers (EFT’s) begin to expand money laundering opportunities? • Question 12 Recent research has linked the act of music and software piracy to what prominent theory? • Question 13 Fortune 1000 technology firms report an average of how many espionage attacks per year? • Question 14 Which of the following is defined in terms of their activities related to denial of service attacks? • Question 15 Traditional money laundering techniques include all of the following except one. Which technique below is not a traditional method of money laundering? • Question 16 Opportunities for identity crimes have increased primarily because consumers are increasingly asked to use their social security number as a personal identifier. • Question 17 A subculture is a set of values, norms, and beliefs that differ from the dominant culture. • Question 18 The unique feature of a worm is that it: • Question 19 A virus is a piece of code that attaches itself to other instructions within a computer. • Question 20 Which of the following is most true? • Question 21 A worm is a program that reproduces itself over a computer network by breaking into computers much like a virtual hacker. • Question 22 The United States is likely the nation that is most vulnerable to digital terrorism. • Question 23 According to Merton, a(n) ___________ accepts the goal of economic success but rejects the institutionalized means to obtain it. • Question 24 The 80s were a pivotal decade in the trend toward defining hackers as “criminals.” • Question 25 One of the primary tenets of the “hacker code” as conceived by Levy is that information should be

free to all users. • Question 26 Data alteration, denial of service, network intrusions, thefts of information, and computer vandalism are examples of which type of computer crime? • Question 27 Research indicates that individuals with low self control are more likely to view on-line pornography • Question 28 Which of the following is defined as a malicious hacker? • Question 29 Virus writers generally write viruses to steal information and destroy data. • Question 30 Which of the following is true? • Question 31 What major category of information warfare/cyber-terror does “web site defacement” fall into? • Question 32 Hackers were generally considered to be “criminals” as early as the 60s. • Question 33 The motives for many writers of malicious software have changed from profit to curiosity and revenge. • Question 34 What major category of information warfare/cyber-terror does “data hiding” fall into? • Question 35 Hackers predominantly associate themselves with illegal acts. • Question 36 What major category of information warfare/cyber-terror does “cyber-plagues” fall into? • Question 37 This group tends to define hackers and their activities in terms of the danger associated with hacking and its sometimes malicious intent. • Question 38 All of the following terms are used to characterize and describe viruses, except: • Question 39 Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary environments viruses operate in? • Question 40 Recent studies suggest that 10 percent of personal computers are infected by malicious software. • Question 41 “Neutralization techniques” may be defined as: • Question 42 The primary difference between data alteration and network intrusion is the • Question 43 According to Kohlberg, right corresponds to seeing one’s own needs met, taking responsibility for oneself, and allowing others to do the same in which stage of moral development? • Question 44 Criminal statistics on computer crime are • Question 45 The advent of large-scale computerized databases in the financial services field has made embezzlement a more technically-oriented crime requiring more sophisticated knowledge than was the case 30 years ago. • Question 46 This group tends to define hackers and their activities in terms of the illegality of hacking. • Question 47 Which type of computer crime describes actions in which the computer is used only to further a criminal end? In other words, the computer or data contained therein is not the object of the crime. • Question 48 Despite its contention that modern technological advancements are incompatible with fundamentalist Islam culture, Al-Qaeda has become a primary foe in the digital terrorism area. • Question 49 Hackers appear to exhibit a subculture that includes: • Question 50