H1043 Final report 198808 1 The Impact of the HVAC System of an Electric Vehicle on the Driving Range in Extreme Weather Conditions Candidate Number: 198808 H1043 Final Report Department of Mechanical Engineering Supervisor: Dr. Kun Liang H1043 Final report 198808 2 Summary This report presents and investigation of the impact of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system in extreme weather conditions on the driving range of an electric vehicle (EV). A simulation program is established to assess the impact of cabin heating and cooling on the driving range. For this a model of a HVAC system and EV driving range are developed. The simulation results indicate that in extreme cold regions at a temperature of 50℃ the power required to run the HVAC system is 18.5 , resulting in a driving range loss of 45.93%. On the other hand, in extreme hot regions at a temperature of 55℃, the power needed for the HVAC to run is 7.75 , leading to a driving range loss of 19.22%. Moreover, the data trends show that an increase in the HVAC power, will increase the percentage loss in driving range. Using this analysis, along with the background research conducted, two models have been created of the HVAC system and the driving range of an EV using the MATLAB/Simulink software. H1043 Final report 198808 3 Statement of Originality I declare that the work in this dissertation titled “The Impact of an Electric Vehicle on the Driving Range in Extreme Weather Conditions” has been carried out and completed by myself. The information gathered from literature reviews have been acknowledged in both the text and the citation list provided. No part of this dissertation was previously presented at the University of Sussex or any other institution. Signed: Omar Elgouhary Date: May 11, 2021 H1043 Final report 198808 4 Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge and thank: – Dr. Kun Liang a pr
ofessor at the University of Sussex and my supervisor for assisting and supporting me throughout my project. – Dr. Arash Dizpah a professor at the University of Sussex for providing me with guidance regarding the HVAC MATLAB/Simulink model. Nomenclature Symbol Description Unit EV Electric Vehicle – CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons – GHG Greenhouse Gases – HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning – SOC State of Charge – Total heat gain in the cabin Ventilation load Solar radiation load Ambient load Internal thermal load Thermal load produced by the HVAC system Resistance Force Rolling Resistance Force Aerodynamic Drag Force Climbing Resistance Force Gravity /2 Drag coefficient – Rolling Resistance coefficient – Frontal area 2 Vehicle velocity / Mass flow rate / Compressor displacement 3/ Density of refrigerant at suction / 3 Cooling capacity 1 Enthalpy at the evaporator / 3 Enthalpy at the condenser / Compressor volumetric efficiency – Power delivered to the moist air flow through the source Temperature Gas constant / Area of the pipe surface 2 Density /3 Specific entropy at port A / Specific entropy at port B / Heat transfer coefficient / 2 H1043 Final report 198808 5 Temperature at an internal moist air volume Conductivity at an internal moist air volume / Hydraulic diameter of the pipe Rate of condensation / Rate of energy loss from condensed water Rate of energy that is added by the sources of gas trace and moisture Mass flow rates of water through port S / Mass flow rates of gas through port S / Convection heat transfer coefficient / Convective Heat Transfer Distance between the layers (the thickness of the material) Heating, ventilation, and Airconditioning output power Outside ambient temperature ℃ Weight of the vehicle Velocity of the vehicle / Rolling resistance coefficient – H1043 Final report 198808 6 Table of Contents Summary